{"id":27248,"date":"2014-10-24T10:22:21","date_gmt":"2014-10-24T02:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.buletinonline.net\/v7\/?p=27248"},"modified":"2014-10-24T10:24:02","modified_gmt":"2014-10-24T02:24:02","slug":"muharram-antara-sunnah-dan-bidah-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/buletinonlines.net\/v7\/index.php\/muharram-antara-sunnah-dan-bidah-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Muharram; Antara Sunnah dan Bid’ah"},"content":{"rendered":"

Muharram (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645) adalah bulan pertama dalam Sistem Takwim (Kalendar) Hijrah. Pada asasnya, Muharram membawa maksud ‘diharamkan’ atau ‘dipantang’, iaitu Allah SWT melarang melakukan peperangan atau pertumpahan darah. Namun demikian larangan ini ditamatkan setelah pembukaan Makkah (Al Baqarah: 91).<\/p>\n

\"Keutamaan-Bulan-Muharram\"<\/a>Sejak pemansuhan itu, umat Islam boleh melaksanakan tugas dan ibadat harian tanpa terikat lagi dengan larangan berkenaan. Rasulullah s.a.w telah menamakan bulan Muharram sebagai bulan Allah (shahrullahi).<\/p>\n

Sandaran yang dilakukan oleh Baginda SAW kepada Allah SWT lantaran kemuliaan dan kelebihan bulan ini kerana sesungguhnya Allah SWT tidak merujukkan kepadaNya melainkan oleh golongan khowas (terkhas) di kalangan makhluk – makhlukNya.<\/p>\n

Daripada Al-Hassan Al-Basri rahimahumullah sesungguhnya Allah SWT telah membuka lembaran tahun baru di dalam takwim Islam dengan bulan Muharram. Tidaklah kedapatan bulan yang lebih mulia dalam takwim Islam di sisi Allah SWT itu selepas bulan Ramadhan melainkan bulan Muharram. Ia dinamakan bulan Allah yang khas disebabkan besarnya kehormatannya.<\/p>\n

Allah Subhanahu wa Ta\u2019ala berfirman:<\/p>\n

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\u201cSesungguhnya bilangan bulan di sisi Allah adalah dua belas bulan sebagaimana ketetapan Allah di ketika Dia menciptakan langit dan bumi. Di antaranya ada 4 bulan haram. Itulah (ketetapan) agama yang lurus, maka janganlah kamu menganiaya diri kamu dalam bulan yang 4 itu, dan perangilah kaum musyrikin itu semuanya sebagaimana merekapun memerangi kamu semuanya, dan ketahuilah bahawasanya Allah bersama orang-orang yang bertaqwa.\u201d (Surah at-Taubah, 9: 36)<\/p>\n

Nabi SAW bersabda:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u062b\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062d\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0645\u064c \u062b\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062b\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0630\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0630\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062c\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n

\u201cWaktu itu telah berputar sebagaimana biasa sejak Allah menciptakan langit dan bumi. Satu tahun ada 12 bulan, di antaranya 4 bulan haram. 3 bulan berturut-turut, iaitu Dzulqa\u2019dah, Dzulhijjah, Muharram, dan satu lagi adalah Rejab yang terletak di antara bulan Jumadil Akhir dan Sya\u2019ban.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat al-Bukhari, 10\/470, no. 2958)<\/p>\n

Peristiwa Penting Dalam Bulan Muharram<\/strong><\/p>\n

Terdapat banyak peristiwa penting berlaku dalam bulan Muharam, antaranya adalah;<\/p>\n

Khalifah Umar Al-Khattab telah menetapkan hari pertama bagi setiap tahun baru Islam (Kalendar Hijriah) adalah pada 1 Muharram.<\/p>\n

Hari ‘Asyura’, iaitu hari yang ke sepuluh dalam Muharram, merupakan hari yang banyak mencatatkan peristiwa penting yang mencerminkan kegemilangan bagi perjuangan yang gigih dan tabah bagi menegakkan keadilah dan kebenaran.<\/p>\n

Antaranya adalah;
\n1. Nabi Adam bertaubat kepada Allah.
\n2. Nabi Idris diangkat oleh Allah ke langit.
\n3. Nabi Nuh diselamatkan Allah keluar dari perahunya sesudah bumi ditenggelamkan selama enam bulan.
\n\"Puasa-Muharram1\"<\/a><\/strong>4. Nabi Ibrahim diselamatkan Allah dari pembakaran Raj a Namrud.
\n5. Allah menurunkan kitab Taurat kepada Nabi Musa.
\n6. Nabi Yusuf dibebaskan dari penjara.
\n7. Penglihatan Nabi Yaakob yang kabur dipulihkkan Allah.
\n8. Nabi Ayub dipulihkan Allah dari penyakit kulit yang dideritainya.
\n9. Nabi Yunus selamat keluar dari perut ikan paus setelah berada di dalamnya selama 40 hari 40 malam.
\n10. Laut Merah terbelah dua untuk menyelamatkan Nabi Musa dan pengikutnya dari tentera Firaun.
\n11. Kesalahan Nabi Daud diampuni Allah.
\n12. Nabi Sulaiman dikurniakan Allah ker ajaan yang besar.
\n13. Hari pertama Allah menciptakan alam.
\n14. Hari Pertama Allah menurunkan rahmat.
\n15. Hari pertama Allah menurunkan hujan.
\n16. Allah menjadikan ‘Arasy.
\n17. Allah menjadikan Luh Mahfuz.
\n18. Allah menjadikan alam.
\n19. Allah menjadikan Malaikat Jibril.
\n20. Nabi Isa diangkat ke langit.<\/p>\n

Amalan Sunnah di Bulan Muharram<\/strong><\/p>\n

Di antara amalan sunnah yang disebutkan secara khusus pada bulan Muharram adalah berpuasa sunnah.<\/p>\n

Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam hadis di atas, puasa yang paling afdhal setelah puasa di bulan Ramadhan adalah puasa di bulan Muharram. Maksud puasa dalam hadis tersebut adalah puasa sunnah secara umum. Memperbanyakkan amalan puasa sunnah dalam bulan Muharram terutamanya pada hari yang ke sepuluh Muharram adalah termasuk sunnah-sunnah yang sangat dianjurkan.<\/p>\n

\u2018Abdullah B. \u2018Abbas radhiyallahu \u2018anhuma berkata:<\/p>\n

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\u201cNabi tiba di Madinah dan beliau mendapati orang-orang Yahudi sedang berpuasa \u2018Asyura (hari ke sepuluh Muharram).\u201d Nabi bertanya, \u201cPuasa apakah ini?\u201d<\/p>\n

Orang-orang menjawab, \u201cHari ini adalah hari yang baik, iaitu hari di mana Allah telah menyelamatkan bani Isra\u2019el dari kejahatan musuhnya, maka Musa pun berpuasa sebagai tanda syukur beliau kepada Allah. Dan kami pun turut serta berpuasa.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nabi Shallallahu \u2018alaihi wa Sallam pun berkata, \u201cKami lebih berhak terhadap Musa daripada kamu semua.\u201d Akhirnya Nabi pun berpuasa dan memerintahkan umat Islam untuk berpuasa.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat al-Bukhari, 7\/127, no. 1865)<\/p>\n

Sejarah penetapan puasa \u2018Asyura mengalami beberapa fasa. Pada awalnya, ketika di Makkah Nabi berpuasa \u2018Asyura tanpa memerintah orang lain untuk berpuasa. Kemudian apabila sampai di Madinah, beliau tetap terus berpuasa di hari \u2018Asyura dan memerintahkan umat Islam agar turut berpuasa.<\/p>\n

\"Amalan<\/a>Tetapi setelah perintah kewajiban berpuasa di bulan Ramadhan turun, puasa di hari \u2018Asyura menjadi sunnah dan tidak diwajibkan. Rasulullah mengatakan:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0647\u064f<\/p>\n

\u201cSesiapa yang hendak berpuasa (pada hari \u2018Asyura), silakan berpuasa, bagi yang tidak berpuasa, juga tidak mengapa.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat al-Bukhari, 7\/125, no. 1863)<\/p>\n

Kemudian ketika di penghujung hayatnya, Rasulullah SAW bertekad untuk tidak hanya berpuasa pada hari \u2018Asyura (hari yang ke sepuluh) sahaja di bulan Muharram, tetapi juga bertekad untuk puasa pada hari yang ke sembilannya.<\/p>\n

Ibnu \u2018Abbas radhiyallahu \u2018anhuma berkata:<\/p>\n

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\u201cKetika Nabi sedang berpuasa pada hari \u2018Asyura dan memerintahkan para sahabatnya untuk turut berpuasa, para sahabat berkata, \u201cWahai Rasulullah, hari \u2018Asyura adalah hari yang diagungkan oleh Yahudi dan Nashara.\u201d<\/p>\n

Maka Rasulullah SAW berkata, \u201cJika begitu, tahun depan insyaAllah kita puasa sekali pada hari yang ke sembilannya.\u201d Ibnu \u2018Abbas berkata, \u201cTetapi belum sempat sampai tahun depan, beliau telah wafat terlebih dahulu.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat Muslim, 5\/479, no. 1916)<\/p>\n

Dari hadis ini, umat Islam tidak hanya disunnahkan agar berpuasa di hari ke sepuluh Muharram atau dikenali sebagai hari \u2018Asyura, tetapi juga turut disunnahkan agar berpuasa pada hari ke sembilan Muharram.<\/p>\n

Rasulullah mengisyaratkan tentang kelebihan puasa \u2018Asyura sebagaimana sabdanya:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0634\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0633\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f<\/p>\n

\u201cAdapun puasa di hari \u2018Asyura, aku memohon kepada Allah agar ia dapat menghapuskan dosa setahun yang lalu.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat Muslim, 6\/55, no. 1976)<\/p>\n

Juga sebagaimana dalam hadis yang lain sebagaimana telah disebutkan, puasa di hari \u2018Asyura adalah termasuk puasa yang paling afdhal setelah puasa wajib di bulan Ramadhan. Dan Rasulullah sentiasa melaksanakannya puasa \u2018Asyura ini dengan penuh kesungguhan. Ini adalah sebagaimana kata \u2018Abdullah B. \u2018Abbas radhiyallahu \u2018anhuma:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0635\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0634\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n

\u201cTidaklah aku pernah melihat Rasulullah Shallallahu \u2018alaihi wa Sallam berusaha untuk melaksanakan puasa pada satu hari yang lebih beliau utamakan berbanding hari-hari lainnya melainkan pada hari ini iaitu hari \u2018Asyura, dan pada bulan ini, iaitu bulan Ramadhan.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat al-Bukhari, 7\/125, no. 1867)
\n
\n<\/strong>\"maxresdefault\"<\/a>Amalan Bid’ah di Bulan Muharram
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Selain kepercayaan khurafat, terdapat beberapa amalan lain yang turut perlu diambil perhatian. Antaranya adalah seperti amalan doa awal dan akhir tahun hijriyah, perayaan ma\u2019al hijrah, puasa awal dan akhir tahun, dan perayaan meratap kematian Hussein B. \u2018Ali radhiyallahu \u2018anhuma.<\/p>\n

Tidak ada satu doa atau zikir-zikir khusus sempena akhir tahun yang memiliki sandaran dalil syara\u2019. Di setiap akhir tahun, ramai orang yang berdoa dan menyusun doa-doa khusus tertentu yang tidak pernah ditetapkan oleh syara\u2019. Ini semua adalah contoh perbuatan bid\u2019ah yang padanya tidak memiliki asas sandaran dalam agama.<\/p>\n

Rasulullah SAW mengingatkan:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064f\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650<\/p>\n

\u201cTidak termasuk golongan kami orang-orang yang menampar-nampar pipi, mengoyak-ngoyakkan baju, dan meratap seperti ratapan kaum jahiliyyah.\u201d (Hadis Riwayat al-Bukhari, 5\/41, no. 1212)<\/p>\n

Justeru, amalan kelompok Syi\u2019ah pada bulan Muharram mengadakan perayaan kesedihan dan meratap serta berarak di jalan-jalan raya dengan berpakaian serba hitam adalah bukan dari ajaran Islam.<\/p>\n

Ia dilakukan kononnya mengenang syahidnya Saidina Husain B. \u2018Ali radhiyallahu \u2018anhuma. Mereka meratapinya di jalan-jalan terbuka sambil menampar-nampar pipi, memukul dada, memukul belakang mereka, sambil menangis, serta sambil berteriak, \u201cYa Husain, ya Husain…!\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Muharram (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0645) adalah bulan pertama dalam Sistem Takwim (Kalendar) Hijrah. 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